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← Chapter 1 Contents

Introduction Chapter →

  • Course Contents
    • Chapter Index
    • Sounds Index
  • IPA Chart
  • 0 – Introduction
    • Vowel Sounds
    • Consonant Sounds
    • Consonant Articulation
    • Voicing
    • Vowel Spelling Introduction
    • IPA & Silent Letters
  • 1 – Schwa /ə/
    • /ə/
    • /ə/ – Spelling to Sound
    • /ə/ – Function Words
    • Weak vs. Strong
    • American vs British < er >
  • 2 – Short Vowels
    • /ɪ/
    • /ʊ/
    • /ɛ/
    • /ɒ/
    • /ʌ/
    • /a/
    • Spelling to Sound
    • Word Construction
    • Unusual Spellings
    • QUIZ I
    • QUIZ II
    • /ʌ/ in Northern English
  • 3 – Long Vowels
    • /iː/
    • /uː/
    • /əː/
    • /ɔː/
    • /ɛː/
    • /ɑː/
    • Sound Selection
    • Common Words
    • Reduced Vowel Length
    • TRAP/BATH Split
  • 4 – Diphthongs
    • /ɪə/
    • /eɪ/
    • /aʊ/
    • /əʊ/
    • /ʌɪ/
    • /ɔɪ/
    • Sound Selection
    • Word Construction
    • Expressions
    • /ʊə/
    • /ʊə/ Modern vs Traditional
  • 5 – Fricatives
    • /f,v/
    • /θ,ð/
    • /s,z/
    • /ʃ,ʒ/
    • /h/
    • < th > Voicing
    • Homophones
    • < s > Endings
    • < th > Fronting
  • 6 – Plosives & Affricates
    • /p,b/
    • /t,d/
    • /k,g/
    • /tʃ,dʒ/
    • [ʔ]
    • Silent Letters
    • /t/ vs [ʔ]
    • < ed > Endings
    • Cockney Glottal Stops
  • 7 – Approximants
    • /w/
    • /j/
    • /r/
    • /l/
    • [ɫ]
    • Silent < r >
    • Linking /r/
    • Silent < l >
    • Clear /l/ vs Dark [ɫ]
    • Rhoticity
  • 8 – Nasals & Clusters
    • /m/
    • /n/
    • /ŋ/
    • Syllabic Consonants
    • Initial Clusters
    • Final Clusters
    • Quiz
    • G Droppin’

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